cleistogamy

Comparison between cleistogamy and chasmogamy in perennial herb Viola yedoensis (Violaceae)……Liu Qili Liu Xiangmei Liu Weiwei LiaoWanjin（605）

花地丁开放花和闭锁花繁殖特征的研究……刘绮丽刘香梅刘薇薇廖万金（605）摘要

The approaches for decreasing the gene flow include chloroplast transformation, pollen sterility, seed sterility, cleistogamy, apomixis, temporal control, and transgenic mitigation .

目前降低外源因扩散的方法主要有叶绿体转化、粉不育、子不育、花受精、融合生殖、时性控制及转因缓和。