And they're " naked" because the capsid isn't covered by a lipid membrane.

它们之所以是“裸”，为衣壳没有被脂质膜覆盖。

If the plasma membrane is removed, the cell's contents spill into the environment and the cell no longer exists.

如果质膜被移，细胞内含会溢出到环境中，细胞就不再存在。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发，它有一种称为“衣壳”几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

As mentioned earlier, there are genetically determined proteins found on the plasma membrane of your red blood cells.

如前所述，在红细胞质膜上发现了基决定蛋白质。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未。很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发，它有一种称为“衣壳”几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

This transition likely involved the formation of a lipid membrane—perhaps spontaneously forming around RNA and other molecules—creating the first protocells.

这种转变可能涉及脂质膜形成（可能在 RNA 和其他分子周围自发形成），从而产生了第一个原始细胞。

The alterations in cell volume and shape have been ascribed in part to the induction, within apoptotic cells, of transglutaminase activity.

这种酶引起胞质蛋白广泛交联，在质膜下形成类似于角质化鳞状细胞壳。

However, in bacteria the plasma membrane has other important roles such as respiration, photosynthesis, and the synthesis of lipids and cell wall components.

之外，细菌质膜还有其他重要作用，例如呼吸作用、光合作用与脂质和细胞壁成分合成。

The lipid coating on each nanoparticle fuses with the lipid membrane of a cell and releases the mRNA to do its work.

每个纳米颗粒上脂质涂层与细胞脂质膜融合并释放 mRNA 以完成其工作。

Self-assembly is seen in nature in many different places, from lipid membranes to cell structures, so we do know it can be a robust solution.

在自然界中，从脂质膜到细胞结构，我们可以在许多不同地方看到自组装。所以我们知道这是一个稳健解决方案。

The plasma membrane that surrounds each of your red blood cells contains special proteins that are placed there based on your unique genetic makeup.

每个红细胞周围质膜包含特殊蛋白质，这些蛋白质会根据独特遗传构成而形成。

Usually, all plasma membranes are selectively permeable barriers which allow certain ions and molecules to pass in and out of the cell while preventing the movement of others.

通常来说，所有质膜都是选择性渗透屏障，允许特定离子与小分子进入或离开细胞，同时阻止其它离子或小分子转运。

All the cells in your body have a plasma membrane with specialized glycoprotein markers on them that act like name tags or labels, sort of like " This cell is Property of Hank."

你体内所有细胞都有一个质膜上面有专门糖蛋白标记，就像名字标签一样，有点像" 这个细胞是汉克财产" 。

Now the plasma membrane is responsible for most of the cell's relationship with the outside world by acquiring nutrients and eliminating waste and also maintains the interior of the bacteria in a constant highly organized state.

细胞与外界环境交互大部分由质膜负责，例如保存养分、排出代谢废，并保持细菌内部高度稳定状态。

Underneath the bacterial cell wall, there's the plasma membrane which is the most important layer because it encloses the cytoplasm which is a gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains cell components, enzymes, and various organic molecules.

质膜存在细菌细胞壁下面，这是最重要一层，为它包裹了胞质；胞质是主要由水组成凝胶状质，同时也包含细胞成分、酶及各种有机小分子。

Underneath the cell wall, there's the plasma membrane which is the most important layer because it encloses the cytoplasm and defines the cell having important roles such as respiration, photosynthesis, and the synthesis of lipids and cell wall constituents.

细胞壁下方是质膜，而这是最重要一层，为它包围细胞质，限制了细胞，具有呼吸、光合作用以及脂质和细胞壁成分合成等重要功能。