He knew that people do not use vellum to write on anymore.

他知道们已不再用皮写字。

He saw pieces of vellum, animal skin that people wrote on in the past.

他看到了多张皮，这是们用来写字的兽皮。

But once I'd started looking at Leonardo and vellum, which is basically parchment.

但当我开始看达芬奇和皮的联系时，皮一般都是皮。

We've got no drawings about Leonardo on vellum on animal skin.

我们以前没有发现达芬奇用皮画的画。

I think the point about it being vellum is really interesting.

我觉得关于皮这点很有趣。

And once you're thinking about vellum and coloured chalks on vellum all of this falls into place.

一旦你想到皮和在皮上用染色粉笔画，这些内容都说得通了。

Now this was executed on vellum I understand, so that's something usually used in codex or a book production.

我知道这幅画是画在皮上的，这种材质通常是用于古抄本者书。

Instead of paper, European books were handwritten on vellum or parchment.

欧洲书籍不是质的， 而是手写在牛皮皮上的。

The other aspect is you think well why would he do it on vellum?

另一方面你会想为什么他要画在皮上？

He replaced the precious work, and his eye fell on a stout volume bound in vellum.

他换掉了这本珍贵的作品，他的目光落在了一本用牛皮装订的厚实的书上。

Recently carbon dated to around 1420, its vellum pages features looping handwriting and hand-drawn images seemingly stolen from a dream.

最近的碳年代可追溯到 1420 年左右，它的牛皮页面上有循环的手写体和手绘图像，似乎是从梦中偷来的。

And one of the things he did very brilliantly is to use the natural base colour of the vellum to shine through.

有一点他是做得非常聪明的就是利用皮的自然底色营造了一种光彩。

The medieval Mappa Mundi in England's Hereford cathedral, for example, is little more than drawings on vellum, or stretched calfskin, and it lacks Ptolemy's geometric method.

比如，中世纪制作的英格兰赫里福德教堂世界地图不是些绘在羔皮、者说拉伸了的犊皮上的图案，没有使用托勒密的几何方法。

And a piece of evidence which had been lurking there rather unscrutinised which we didn't really need to think about Leonardo and vellum.

这个证据一直都在，只是我们没发现，我们真的很难想到它跟达芬奇和皮有关。

Your initial reaction, you see a drawing on ink coloured chalks, but also ink washes on vellum, the initial reaction of course is Leonardo didn't do that.

你的第一个反应，当你看到一幅用彩色粉笔画的画，还在皮上看到水墨，第一个反应当然是这不是达芬奇画的。

And I wondered if because there's no other works that we know of which Leonardo worked on vellum, it made a difference in terms of attribution according to technique?

我想知道，因为我们没见达芬奇用皮画的画，这会不会影响了我们根据画法来鉴定的确定性？

He talks about Jean's box of pigments, he talks about how do you get double and single sheets which is cutting vellum out of a irregular shaped skin.

他说到Jean的颜料盒，他说到要怎样拿到双层的和单层的，从不规则的动物皮上割下皮。

The early Christian missionaries introduced the more rounded Roman alphabet (much as we use today), which was easier to read and more suited for writing on vellum or parchment.

早期的基督教传教士引入了更圆润的罗马字母（就像我们今天使用的那样）， 它更容易阅读， 更适合在牛皮皮上书写。