Protein C or S deficiency is commonly asymptomatic, but symptoms arise when a venous thromboembolism develops.

蛋白C和S缺乏患一般无临床状，当栓栓时可出现状。

Symptoms of venous thromboembolism include pain similar to a muscle cramp, and swelling in the affected leg.

静脉栓栓状包括类似肌肉痉挛疼痛以及患侧腿部胀。

Most people present with venous thromboembolism, where a blood clot of the leg veins or lung circulation is most common.

大部分患会出现静脉栓栓，最常见是在腿部静脉及肺循环中形成栓。

Protein C or protein S deficiency is also sometimes suspected when a venous thromboembolism develops in an unusual site like the portal, mesenteric, or cerebral veins.

当静脉栓栓出现在不常见部位时，也要怀疑蛋白C或蛋白S缺乏，比如门静脉、肠系膜静脉或脑部静脉。

A more serious presentation is neonatal purpura fulminans, which is when a newborn with protein C or S deficiency suffers massive arterial and venous thromboembolisms with hemorrhagic skin necrosis.

更严重并发是新生儿暴发性紫癜，即患有蛋白C和S缺乏新生儿出现大量动静脉栓栓及出性皮肤坏死。

Another UK study published last year found incidences of and deaths from thromboembolism doubled in the first six months of the pandemic compared to rates seen in the years prior.

去年发表另一项英国研究发现，与前几年相比，在大流行前六个月，栓栓发病率和死亡率翻了一番。

Protein C or S deficiency is suspected in people with a strong family history of coagulation disorders, especially those who suffer from recurrent venous thromboembolisms and experience their first thrombotic event before age fifty.

有明显凝功能障碍家族史患可怀疑蛋白C或蛋白S缺乏，尤其是反复出现静脉栓栓，且于50岁之前发生第一次栓患。