This is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide.

这是一种结构简单的糖，或者叫单糖。

Now, there is no simple sugar in coffee.

咖啡里没有单糖。

Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, have three or more simple sugars strung together.

另一方面，复合碳水化合物，是由两种或者三种单糖形成的。

Eating just simple sugars is almost as insignificant to your appetite as drinking water.

只吃糖对你的食欲几乎和喝水一样微足道。

So simple sugars, whether they're natural or added, are mixtures of monosaccharides or disaccharides.

前述的简单糖类，管是天然糖还是添加糖，都是单糖与双糖的混合物。

Therefore, it actually burns some calories and doesn't absorb all those simple sugars as rapidly.

因此，它实际上会燃烧掉一些卡路里，并没有迅速吸收所有的单糖。

Now, researchers have figured out how simple sugars wipe out a particular strain of beneficial gut microbes.

现在，研究人员已经知道单糖消灭肠道内一种特殊微生物的方。

This powers the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose, the simple sugar plants need to grow.

这个过程也使二氧化碳和水转化成了葡萄糖。而葡萄糖就是植物生长可或缺的简单糖类。

Now, lactose is a dye saccharide sugar, meaning it's composed of two simple sugar building blocks, glucose and galactose.

乳糖是一种染料糖，这意味着它由两个简单的糖块组成，葡萄糖和半乳糖。

Starches don't taste sweet like simple sugars because they don't activate taste buds in the same way.

淀粉尝起来没有单糖的甜味，因为它们激活味蕾的方。

And if you're gonna go for a snack, the main thing here is don't just reach for simple sugars.

如果要吃点心的话，主要问题是要摄入单糖。

In order for your body to digest lactos, it has to break the bond between these two simple sugars.

为了让你的身体消化乳糖，它必须打破这两种单糖之间的连接。

These are maltase, sucrase, and lactase, which break down the short chains of sugars called oligosaccharides into simple sugars, called monosaccharides.

它们包括麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶与乳糖酶；它们能将称为寡糖的短链聚合糖分解成简单糖类，或称单糖。

Those simple sugars then move along to the respirators, another set of microbes that snatch up these simple sugars and burn them as fuel.

这些简单糖类会被输送至进行呼吸作用的细菌，这些微生物会吸收简单糖类，并将之作为生物能源消耗掉。

When exposed to enzymes in the saliva, carbohydrates get broken down into simpler sugars, which can become the fodder for those ravenous mouth bacteria.

这些全都含有醣类（碳水化合物）当醣类遇到唾液中的酶时，碳水化合物被分解成较简单的糖。

Like I said before, our cells prefer to do business in the really basic currency of monomers, like amino acids, fatty acids, and simple sugars.

就像我之前说的，我们的细胞更喜欢用单体的基本货币做生意，比如氨基酸、脂肪酸和单糖。

There's an enzymatic reaction that starts occurring where amylase, naturally present in flour, starts to convert starch into simple sugars that the yeast can then consume.

当面粉中天然存在的淀粉酶开始将淀粉转化为酵母可以食用的单糖时，就会发生酶反应。

Not only do we drink a lot of water, but we also drink electrolyte replenishment beverages that also have a source of carbohydrates, of complex carbohydrates, not simple sugars.

我们仅会喝很多水，我们还喝电解质补充饮料，这些饮料也含有碳水化合物，复合碳水化合物，是单糖。

Fiber is critical because it can slow down the rate of absorption of simple sugars like glucose in the small intestine which can help maintain healthy blood glucose levels.

纤维素对人体很重要，它们可以延缓葡萄糖等简单糖类在小肠内的吸收速率，这便有助于人体维持健康的血糖浓度。

If the meal was high in simple sugars, like a donut, the alertness wore off quickly, whereas if the meal was high in fiber and carbohydrates, like oats, alertness lasted longer throughout the morning.

而如果食物富含单醣类，例如甜甜圈人们吃完后注意力会快速下降，但如果食物富含纤维以及碳水化合物，像是燕麦，人们吃完后注意力能维持整个早上。