If it involves the renal artery and limits blood flowing to the kidneys, it triggers more renin.

如果累及动脉并且限制了脏的血流，它就会引发更多素的释放。

The diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is mainly done by measuring levels of renin and aldosterone.

醛固酮增多症的诊断主要通过测定素与醛固酮的来完成。

So in this case aldosterone levels are high and renin levels are low in.

因此，在这种情况下，醛固酮较高，素较低。

But, as I mentioned earlier, this renin angiotensin aldosterone system is stimulated by low salt intake.

是，正如我之前提到的，低盐饮食会导致 RAA 系统活跃。

Secondary causes of hyperaldosteronism are usually due to excess aldosterone production in response to high levels of renin.

醛固酮增多症的继发性原因通常是由于高素导致醛固酮生成过多。

Another example is a tumor that produces excess aldosterone, which just like renin, leads to fluid retention.

另一个例子是肿瘤的生长也会产生过多的醛固酮，一种类似于素的物质，会导致液体的积存。

When not enough blood flows to the kidneys, the kidney secretes the hormone renin, which ultimately helps the kidneys retain more water.

当脏中的血流不充足时，脏就会分泌素，以帮助脏留存住更多的。

In chronic kidney disease, the falling glomerular filtration rate leads to more and more renin secretion which leads to hypertension.

慢性病中，GFR降低，导致更多素分泌，进而引发高血压。

Another study shows that when salt intake drops below 1.5 teaspoons per day, a significant increase in renin and aldosterone occurs.

另一项研究显，当盐摄入量降至每天 1.5 茶匙以下，人体中的醛固酮及素将大幅上升。

For example, normally when the kidneys start sensing a lower than normal amount of fluid getting filtered, they respond by releasing the hormone renin to increase the blood pressure.

例如，通常在感知到滤过量减少时会释放素作为应答，升高血压。

Your kidneys cook up hormones like renin and angiotensin which help regulate levels of sodium and fluids in your body, and also help expand and constrict blood vessels.

你的脏会分泌素和血管紧张素等荷尔蒙，这些荷尔蒙有助于调节体钠和液体的，也有助于扩张和收缩血管。

In primary hyperaldosteronism, the main problem is that zona glomerulosa cells secrete high levels of aldosterone, and that aldosterone has a negative feedback effect on renin, and so it actually inhibits renin production.

在原发性醛固酮增多症中，主要问题是球状带细胞分泌高的醛固酮；醛固酮对素有负反馈作用，因而实际上抑制素生成。

Aldosterone is secreted in response to elevated levels of renin, and it's role is to bind to receptors on two types of cells along the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron.

素升高可刺激醛固酮的分泌，后者的作用是结合远曲小管中两种细胞上的受体。

The juxtaglomerular cells then receive the signal and also independently sense the low pressure in the blood vessels and secrete an enzyme called renin which increases sodium reabsorption which helps raise the blood volume.

球旁细胞接收信号，同时也可感受血管低血压，并分泌一种叫素的酶，而素能增加钠的重吸收，从而能增加血容量。

Along the same lines, drugs that reduce the effect of aldosterone can also cause hyperkalemia, and these are drugs like renin inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, selective aldosterone blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics.

同理，可以降低醛固酮效能的药物也可以导致高钾血症，例如素抑制剂、ACE抑制剂、血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂、选择性醛固酮受体阻滞剂以及保钾利尿剂等。