Disease from surrounding structures can invade the masticator space via the pterygopalatine fossa, the buccal space immediately anterior to the ramus, the foramen ovale, or by way of direct invasion.

咀嚼肌临近的病变可循翼腭窝、、上颌窦、卵圆孔等途径及咀嚼肌。

In both types of feather, the barbules that extend from the barb ramus grow from a single layer of cells, called the barbule plate, on the periphery of the barb ridge.

而不论羽毛，从羽枝主枝延伸出来的羽小枝，都从羽枝脊表面叫做「羽小枝板」的单层细胞长出来。