The team found that the allergic reactions caused cells to produce more prostaglandins, a type of hormone.

该小组发现过敏反应导致细胞产生更多的素，这是一种激素。

A few years later, other scientists came across prostaglandins again.

几年后，其他科学家又发现了素。

More COX binding, less prostaglandin, so less pain.

更多的 COX 结合，更少的素，所以带来的是更少的疼痛。

That ring of sclerotic tissue often produces prostaglandins, which are small molecules that trigger the sensation of pain.

硬化的骨组织通常会产生素，这些小分子会引发疼痛感。

When it receives this message, the hypothalamus produces another molecule called prostaglandin E2, which gears it up for war.

当下丘到这种信息，它会产生另一种分子叫做素E2，在战中发挥了重要的作用。

Soon after birth, the foramen ovale closes and prostaglandin E2 levels fall, causing the ductus arteriosus to close off.

出生后不久，卵圆孔闭合、素E2水平下降，导致动脉导管闭合。

In 1976, researchers discovered cyclooxygenase, or the COX enzyme, which makes a few different biomarkers, including prostaglandins.

1976 年，研究人员发现了环氧合酶，即 COX 酶，它产生了几种不同的生物标志物，包括素。

And what they do is they block the release of prostaglandins.

他们所做的是阻止素的释放。

That reduces the production of prostaglandins, hormone-like compounds that normally cause inflammation and pain.

这会减少素的产生，素是通常会引起炎症和疼痛的类激素化合物。

Aspirin and ibuprofen block production of one class of these tuning chemicals, called prostaglandins.

阿司匹林和布洛芬可阻止一种调节化学物质的生产，称为“素”。

It acts in the brain, it inhibits the pain and inflammation producing chemicals called prostaglandins.

它作用于大，抑制疼痛和炎症，产生称为素的化学物质。

In response, it produces bicarbonate, mucus, and phospholipids called prostaglandins to maintain the integrity of its own lining.

作为回应，它会产生碳酸氢盐、粘液和称为素的磷脂，以维持自身内膜的完整性。

They were able to tie prostaglandins to fever, inflammation, and headaches, so this went a long way toward explaining how aspirin worked.

他们能够将素与发烧、炎症和头痛联系起来，所以这对解释阿司匹林的作用有很大帮助。

While COX-2 produces prostaglandins during inflammation, a COX-1 enzyme has the added duty of making prostaglandins to protect the lining of your stomach.

虽然 COX-2 在炎症期间会产生素，但 COX-1 酶还有制造素来保护胃内膜的额外职责。

When we menstruate, the lining of the uterus releases substances that are made into chemicals called prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators.

当我们来月经时，子宫内膜会释放出一种物质， 这些物质会被制成称为素和其他炎症介质的化学物质。

That's because cytokines and prostaglandin can reach even higher structures in your brain, disrupting the activity of neurotransmitters, like glutamate, endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine.

这是因为细胞因子和素可以到达你大中更高的结构，破坏神经递质活性，如谷氨酸，内啡肽，血清素，和多巴胺。

They showed that the drug interrupts the production of certain chemicals called prostaglandins, which control the transmission of pain sensations and inflammation.

他们表明，这种药物会中断某些称为素的化学物质的产生，这种化学物质控制痛觉和炎症的传递。

For example, IL-4 leads the production of IgE antibodies which coat mast cells and stimulate them to release granules containing things like histamines, leukotrienes and prostaglandins.

例如，IL-4导致了IgE抗体的产生，覆盖在肥大细胞表面，并刺激它们释放含有像组胺、白三烯和素等物质的颗粒。

Well, the drug indomethacin can be used to close a PDA because it's a type of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and it inhibits prostaglandin E2.

而药物吲哚美辛被用来使PDA闭合，因为它是种非甾体抗炎药，或称NSAID，可抑制素E2。

In fetal development, the ductus arteriosus is kept open by high levels of a vasodilator prostaglandin E2 which is made by the placenta and by the ductus arteriosus itself.

在胎儿发育期，动脉导管开放是由于一种高浓度的血管扩张剂素E2，由胎盘和动脉导管自身分泌。