In postmenopausal osteoporosis, decreased estrogen levels lead to increased bone resorption.

在绝经后骨质疏松中，雌激素的减少引发了骨吸收的增加。

Now, the two most common types of osteoporosis are postmenopausal osteoporosis and senile osteoporosis.

如今，最常见的两种骨质疏松是绝经后骨质疏松与老年性骨质疏松。

There are two common types of osteoporosis: these are senile osteoporosis and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

常见的骨质疏松有两种：老年性骨质疏松与绝经后骨质疏松。

Femoral neck fractures and distal radius fractures can also occur, and they're often associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

股骨颈骨折、桡骨远端骨折也时有发，它们一般和绝经后骨质疏松相。

Both serous and malignant cystadenocarcinomas are cysts with an inflamed and swollen lining, and they commonly arise in postmenopausal women.

两种浆液性恶性的囊腺发炎肿胀的囊泡排列成，同时它们通常见于绝经后的女性。

Yes, let's hear it for postmenopausal.

是的，让我们听听绝经后的声音。

Postmenopausal women like me, not that long ago, were considered useless or crazy.

不久前，像我这样的绝经后妇女被认为是无用的或疯狂的。

Some research has also found that greater soy intake is associated with a lower risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women.

一些研究还发现，摄入更多的大豆可以降低绝经后女性骨质疏松性骨折的风险。

Finally, medications like denosumab, which is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteoclasts, and raloxifene, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can be used for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

最后，地诺单抗等药物作为单克隆抗体可抑制破骨细胞；雷洛昔芬，一种有选择性的雌激素受体调节器，可以被用于绝经后骨质疏松。

He and other researchers said the findings could be important for orca conservation, suggesting it's just as vital to protect older, postmenopausal females as it is younger females of breeding age and their offspring.

他和其他研究人员认为这些发现可能对保护虎鲸意义重大，因为研究发现保护年龄较大、绝经后的雌鲸与保护育龄的年轻雌鲸及其后代同样重要。

Dr. Nattrass said the study could point to some answers. It found that postmenopausal killer whales provided the biggest boost to their grandcalves' chances of survival, beyond that provided by grandmother killer whales that were still breeding.

纳特拉斯博士认为这项研究可能会指向一些答案。 研究发现，绝经后的虎鲸可以最大程度提升孙辈的存活率，发挥的作用超过那些仍在繁殖期的祖母虎鲸。

Dr. Nattrass said postmenopausal killer whales are able to guide their families to salmon when it's scarce, using stores of " ecological knowledge" gained over decades of life experience. Without that knowledge, Dr. Nattrass said, the grandcalves could die.

纳特拉斯博士说绝经后的虎鲸能够利用几十年活经验中积累的" 态知识" ，在鲑鱼稀缺的时候，指导家人捕食鲑鱼。 如果没有这些知识，虎鲸幼崽很可能难以存。