So slavery is necessary for the life of the polis for there to be open to citizens.

因此，为了让公民有机会过上城邦生活，奴隶制必要的。

Politics, which is the business of people being together, " polis" meaning people.

政治，人聚在一起的事， “polis” 就人的意思。

Most poleis were governed by rich aristocrats, who  monopolized the best lands and political power.

大多数城邦都由富有的贵族统治，他垄断了最好的土地和政治权力。

It testifies to the active, public debate about man, language and the polis in democratic Athens.

它证明了民主雅典关于人、语言和城邦的积极公开辩论。

" The end and purpose of a polis is the good life, and the institutions of social life are means to that end."

“城邦的目标和目的美好的生活，社会生活的体制就为此而建立。”

The claim is that poetry that does this will have to be excluded from a philosophically well-ordered polis.

声称这样的诗歌不得不被排除在哲学上井然有序的城邦之外。

For Goldhill—and we will return to this in Part 5—it is therefore striking that Aristotle barely mentions the polis in the Poetics and the civic frame of tragedy is silenced.

对于戈德希尔——在第 5 部分回到这一点——因此令人惊讶的， 亚里士多德在《诗学》中几乎没有提到城邦， 而悲剧的公民框架却被沉默了。

A " polis" is a Greek word meaning " city, " so the name Indianapolis means, if you will, " Indiana City, " " Indiana" coming from the word " Indian" meaning, in this case, Native Americans.

“polis” 一个希腊词， 意思“城市” ，所以印第安纳波利斯这个名字的意思， 如果你愿意的话， “印第安纳城”，“印第安纳” 来自“印第安” 一词，在这种情况下， 意思美洲原住民。

Eventually, the Greeks began  to trade goods such as pottery, wine, cloth, and metalwork. This newfound trade  made some citizens very wealthy – wealthy enough to challenge the aristocrats that oversaw the  polis and stage hostile take-overs in some cases.

最终，希腊人开始交易陶器、葡萄酒、布料和金属制品等商品。这种新发现的贸易使一些公民变得非常富有——富有到足以挑战监管城邦的贵族，并在某些情况下进行敌意收购。