Now the mucosal tissue in the oral cavity can undergo several premalignant pathological changes.

口腔内的黏膜组织可经历数种癌前病理变化。

Another approach we could soon see is the use of sniffable or inhalable vaccines – mucosal vaccines.

我们很快就可以看到的另一种方式是使用可嗅或可吸入的疫苗——粘膜疫苗。

In addition to the itchy lesions, painful sores can appear on mucosal surfaces like inside the mouth.

除了发痒的皮损外，黏膜表面可能会出现伴有疼痛的溃疡，例如口腔黏膜的溃疡。

The inflammatory response creates mucosal oedema and increase middle ear discharge, eventually leading to tympanic membrane perforation.

炎症反应导致粘膜水肿，中耳分泌物增，导致鼓膜穿孔。

But other enzymes are actually bound to cell membranes in the intestinal mucosal layer, and they're reusable.

但是其他酶实际上与肠粘膜层的细胞膜结合，们是可重复使用的。

Like the rest of the respiratory tract, the walls of the larynx are made up of mucosal epithelium.

和其呼吸道上皮一样，喉的上皮也是黏膜上皮。

Once that bag ruptured, the anthrax would have gone directly into the mucosal tissues of his GI system.

一旦袋子破裂，炭疽菌立刻会进入他的胃肠道粘膜组织。

And we've yet to nail down the precise mechanisms behind mucosal destruction.

我们还不能明确粘膜损伤具体的机制。

Ischemic and infarcted tissue results in the sloughing off of intestinal mucosal tissue, blood, and mucus into the gut.

缺血及梗死使肠粘膜组织脱落，与血液、粘液一同进入肠道。

Mucosal damage can cause inflammation, or esophagitis, which can lead to complications like stenosis and Barrett's esophagus.

粘膜损伤可引起炎症，即食管炎，这可能导致并发症，比如食管狭窄和Barrett食管。

This delicate balance is constantly regulated and referred to as mucosal defense.

这种微妙的平衡不断受到调节，被称为粘膜防御。

Simultaneously, the trigger worsens inflammation, causing the mucosal lining to become more swollen and secrete more mucus.

同时，触发因素会加剧炎症，导致粘膜内层变得更加肿胀并分泌更粘液。

With each mucosal infection, the glomeruli undergo inflammation and injury, so over time—on the scale of decades—individuals may slowly progress to renal failure.

每一次粘膜感染，肾小球都会经历炎症和损伤，久而久之，几十年过后可能会发展为肾衰竭。

IgA is the main antibody found in breast milk, tears, saliva, and the mucosal secretions of respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and the genitourinary tract.

IgA是乳汁、泪液、唾液中的抗体，也是呼吸道黏膜、胃肠粘膜、泌尿生殖道粘膜常见的抗体。

Yet H. pylori survives the acidic turmoil of the stomach with a variety of features that disrupt mucosal defense in its favor.

然而， 幽门螺杆菌在胃的酸性紊乱中幸存下来，具有种破坏粘膜防御的功能。

Smoking can alter the oral microbiota by increasing the acidity of saliva, depleting oxygen, influencing oral baterial adherence to mucosal surfaces, and impairing host immunity.

吸烟能通过增加唾液酸度、消耗氧气含量、影响口腔细菌对黏膜表面的附着、降低宿主免疫力等方式，改变口腔微生物群。

Will they need to have local mucosal immunity, which is in the mouth and nose, as well as serum immunity in the bloodstream?

他们是否需要在口腔和鼻子中具有局部粘膜免疫力，以及在血液中具有血清免疫力？

" So we think that if we could use these phages and how they stick to mucosal surfaces and potentially protect against some of these food-borne outbreaks."

“所以我们认为，如果我们能使用这些噬菌体以及如何粘附在粘膜表面的特点来预防一些食源性疾病的爆发。”

So, the innermost epithelial layer of the tube is known as the mucosal layer, and it contains some connective tissue as well, which supplies it with blood.

所以，管子里面的上皮层被称为粘膜层，也包含一些结缔组织，为提供血液。

Okay, so the intestinal wall, like this one, has lots of ridges and grooves, and also can be separated into the mucosal layer, submucosal layer, muscle layer, and serosa.

好，那肠壁有很的脊和槽，像这个图片一样，肠壁还可以被分成黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜层。