The advantage of studying mitochondrial DNA is that it is not shuffled around by sex.

研究线粒DNA的优点在于它不会被性别打乱。

Blood tests for Reye's syndrome will be reflective of liver damage and mitochondrial damage.

血液检测能够反映肝脏和线粒的损伤。

And this mitochondrial DNA is specifically inherited from your mom because your dad's degraded immediately after fertilization.

这个线粒DNA是特别从你妈妈那里遗传过来的，因为爸爸的在受精后就马上退化了。

In almost all species, mitochondrial DNA is passed down from only one parent.

在几乎所有物种中，线粒 DNA 只从父母一方传下来。

Meanwhile, an egg contains thousands of mitochondria, each containing multiple copies of the mitochondrial DNA.

同时，一个卵含有成千上万的线粒，每个都含有多组线粒 DNA。

We know this because of tests on mitochondrial DNA.

我们知道这一点是因为线粒 DNA 的测试。

Mitochondrial DNA is passed intact from mother to offspring.

线粒 DNA 完整地从母亲传给后代。

The woman's mitochondrial DNA matched that of a man from Chagyrskaya.

这名女性的线粒 DNA 与来自 Chagyrskaya 的一名男性相匹配。

If the mutation is in the mitochondrial DNA, this inheritance can be blocked.

如果突变在线粒 DNA 中，则可以阻止这种遗传。

The team also looked at mitochondrial DNA in six of the seven fossils.

该团队还研究了七块化石中六块的线粒 DNA。

Expanding our knowledge of human ancestry by reaching beyond mitochondrial DNA's matrilineal limits.

通过超越线粒 DNA 的母系限制来扩展我们祖先的了解。

Autophagy, proteostasis and mitochondrial reproduction are three more of the 12 hallmarks of ageing.

自噬、蛋白质稳态和线粒繁殖是 12 个衰老标志中的另外三个。

A study in 2008 compared the mitochondrial DNA from both modern and fossil tuatara bones.

2008 年的一项研究比较了现代和化石喙头蜥骨骼的线粒 DNA。

Hublin's group also compared their mitochondrial DNA to that of ancient and present-day people.

Hublin 的小组还将他们的线粒 DNA 与古和现代的线粒 DNA 进行了比较。

So what can be done to tackle mitochondrial diseases, like Leigh syndrome?

那么如何应线粒疾病，如 Leigh 综合征？

What's so useful for scientists is that mitochondrial DNA changes little over time.

随着时间的推移线粒 DNA 只改变了很小一部分，这科学家来说非常有用。

Specifically, they looked at mitochondrial DNA sequences Which are passed unchanged down the maternal line.

他们目标明确的着手于线粒的 DNA 顺序，这些 DNA 完全遗传于母系mitochondrial 英/ˌmaitəu'kɔndriəl/ 美/ˌmaitəu'kɔndriəl/ n。线粒sequence 英/'siːkw(ə)ns/ 美/'sikwəns/ n。有关联的一组事物， 一连串，顺序， 连续maternal 英/mə'tɜːn(ə)l/ 美/mə'tɝnl/ a。母亲的；母性的；母系的；母遗传的maternal line 母系。

And though mitochondrial DNA is inherited from one parent, the genes involved in building and regulating the mitochondria come from both.

而尽管线粒 DNA 是由父母一方遗传的，参与建立和调节线粒的基因来自父母双方。

If you follow the mitochondrial DNA backwards, it will take you to a certain place-to an Ursula or Tara or whatever.

如果你顺着一段线粒DNA往上推移，它可能把你带到某个地方——乌尔苏拉、杰斯敏，或别的任何。

A study that had seniors complete a 12-week exercise program found that skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA increased 53 percent after training.

一项让老年完成12周锻炼计划的研究发现，训练后骨骼肌线粒DNA增加了53%。