Metastases to the myocardium are less common, but arise more commonly when cancer spreads via the blood.

而转到心肌并不是很常见，但是当癌细胞传播到血液中时，心肌癌的可能性将会升高。

But if there are any distant metastases, translating as M1, the tumor is considered stage IV regardless of T and N status.

但如果发生了远端转，即M1，那么不管T和N的亚分期如何，该肿瘤都将被认为是IV期。

It took a village to help me study metastasis.

花了一个村庄来帮助我研究转。

Then they give you a high-dose chemotherapy, and you have metastasis.

他们给你一个高剂量的化疗，你有转。

Through a process called metastasis a malignant tumor's cells will eventually break off, travel throughout the body, and begin forming tumors in other regions.

通过转，恶性肿瘤的细胞最终会断裂，布全身，并开始在其他区域形成肿瘤。

Metastasis is a spread of cancer from a primary site to a distal site, through the circulatory or the lymphatic system.

转是癌症通过循环系统或淋巴系统从原发部位扩散到远端部位。

One relatively unique feature is that they metastasize through the cerebrospinal fluid in a process called drop metastasis where the tumor spreads to the base of the spine.

一个相对独有的特征是它们通过脑脊液发生转；这种转方式称为下行转，即肿瘤细胞播散转至脊髓底部。

And then the scary idea hit my head was, could we as physicians and the National Cancer Institute be inadvertently responsible for creating metastasis?

我想到了一个可怕的想法，我们作为医生和国家癌症研究所是否会无意中造成转？

Two out of five people in the US will develop cancer in their lifetime. Of those, 90 percent will succumb to the disease due to metastases.

在美国，五分之二的人会在一生中患上癌症。其中，90% 会因转而死于这种疾病。

Following imaging studies, esophageal cancer is staged according to the TNM system, where T means tumor size and local extension, N stands for lymph node metastases and M stands for distant metastases.

完成影像学检查，食管癌要根据TNM系统进行分期：T代表肿瘤大小和邻近组织受累范围，N代表淋巴结转，M代表远端转。

Tumor biopsies are done to figure out whether a growth is benign or malignant, and imaging with a CT or MRI scan can be done to look for evidence of metastasis.

肿瘤活检的目的在于判断其发展方向是良性还是恶性，同时可通过CT和MRI等影像学检查寻找癌转的证据。

If the cell growth has the potential to spread to and invade other tissues, called metastasis, it's known as a malignant tumor, and is also more commonly known as a cancer.

如果肿瘤细胞有扩散并侵入其他组织（即转）的潜能，则被认为恶性肿瘤，通常也被称为癌症。

Malignant tumor cells can get into nearby blood or lymph vessels, and travel from the primary site to establish a secondary site of tumor growth somewhere else in the body - and that's called metastasis.

恶性肿瘤细胞可以进入邻近的血管和淋巴管，从原发病灶到达身体的其它地方，形成继发病灶，称之为转。

An intriguing finding is the observation that MSCs can contribute to the formation of stroma in solid tumors and tumor metastases and that they can deliver therapeutic genes such as interferon and induce tumor regressions.

一项有趣的发现观察到MSCs可以促进实体瘤和转瘤中基质的形成，并且它们可以运输治疗基因如干扰素并诱导肿瘤消退。