Alright the next dopamine-directed class of therapies are inhibitors of COMT, catecholamine-O-methyltransferase, which is an enzyme that degrades dopamine and levodopa.
下个针对多巴胺的治疗药物是COMT抑制剂;COMT,即儿茶酚胺-O-甲基转移酶,是可以降解多巴胺和左旋多巴的酶。
Dopamine itself can't cross the blood-brain barrier, but its precursor levodopa can, and once in the brain, levodopa is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase, most importantly within the remaining nigrostriatal neurons.
多巴胺本身能通过血脑屏障,但它的前体左旋多巴可以,旦进入脑中,左旋多巴就会被多巴脱羧酶转换为多巴胺,尤其是在残存的黑质纹状体神元内。
Motor symptoms respond to drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease, like levodopa, a dopamine analogue, while cognitive symptoms may improve with drugs for Alzheimer's disease, like donepezil, which increases acetylcholine availability.
针对运动障碍,可使用与帕金森病类似的药物,比如多巴胺类似物左旋多巴,而使用类似阿尔茨海默病的药物,可以改善认知症状,比如多奈哌齐,它能增加乙酰胆碱的供给。
Peripheral dopa decarboxylase also exists, which can metabolize levodopa into dopamine before it gets through the blood brain barrier, and—via additional enzymes— metabolize it into other catecholamines like epinephrine, which can cause unwanted side effects like arrhythmias.
体内还有外周多巴脱羧酶,可以在左旋多巴穿过血脑屏障前将其转换为多巴胺;然后,通过其他酶将其转换为其他儿茶酚胺,如肾上腺素,它可以导致良的副作用,如心律失常。