Cell lysis is yet another cause of hyperkalemia.

细胞溶解也可以导致高钾血症。

A final example of internal potassium balance leading to hyperkalemia is exercise.

最后一个因为内钾平衡破坏导致高钾血症的例子是运动锻炼。

So, in order for there to be too much potassium in the blood, or hyperkalemia, there are two possibilities.

因此，高钾血症，即血液中钾离子多，可能由两种原因造成。

Usually this shift is small, but if combined with beta-blockers or kidney issues, strenuous exercise can lead to hyperkalemia.

一般情况下，这种变化很细微，但是有β受体阻滞剂作用或肾脏出现问，度运动就可能导致高钾血症。

Alright, on to external potassium balance shifts resulting in hyperkalemia, which has to do with potassium intake and excretion.

好，那外钾平衡变化导致高钾血症，与钾离子吸收和泌有关。

Mild hyperkalemia is often without symptoms, although some patients may develop muscle weakness.

轻度高钾血症通常无症状，尽管有些患者可能出现肌无力。

Hyperkalemia may result from decreased excretion, excessive intake, or shift of potassium from INSIDE the cells to EXTRA-cellular space.

高钾血症可能是由于排泄减少，摄入多，或钾从细胞内转移到细胞外间隙所致。

Sudden onset and rapid progression of hyperkalemia, on the other hand, can be fatal.

另一方面，高钾血症突然发作和快速发展可能是致命的。

Both of these mechanisms lead to increased potassium in the fluid outside of cells which quickly makes it into the blood and causes hyperkalemia.

上述两种机制都会造成细胞外的钾离子增加，而钾离子很快进入血液，造成高钾血症。

Severe hyperkalemia is treated in 3 steps: - Calcium infusion is given to rapidly REVERSE conduction abnormalities.

- 钙离子注入可迅速逆转传导异常。

In practice, however, this pattern is present only in a fraction of hyperkalemia patients and does NOT always correlate with potassium levels.

然而，实际上，这种模式仅存在于一部高钾血症患者中，并不总是与钾水平相关。

Since so much potassium is kept within the cell, when a large number of cells die or lyse, potassium is released into the blood, which causes hyperkalemia.

因为细胞内多，很多细胞会死亡或溶解，钾离子释放入血，导致高钾血症。

So other things start to build up in the blood as well, like potassium, called hyperkalemia, as well as acids, called metabolic acidosis.

因此其他物质也开始在血液中堆积：比如钾，造成高钾血症；还有酸，引起代谢性酸中毒。

Given the dangerous nature of acute hyperkalemia, it must be suspected in any patient having new bradycardia or conduction block, especially in those with renal problems.

鉴于急性高钾血症具有危险性，对于任何有新的心动缓或传导阻滞患者，特别是有肾脏问的患者，必须怀疑高钾血症。

As this value becomes less negative in hyperkalemia, the number of available sodium channels DEcreases, resulting in a SLOWER influx of sodium and subsequently SLOWER impulse conduction.

在高钾血症中，随着这个值变为较小负值，可用钠通道数量减少，导致钠流入减慢，随后脉冲传导减慢。

So in order to help compensate for an acidosis, hydrogen ions enter cells and potassium ions leave the cells and enter the blood, which might help with the acidosis, but results in hyperkalemia.

所以为了代偿酸中毒，氢离子被移入细胞内，而钾离子被移出细胞而进入血中，这一机制缓解了酸中毒，但却导致了高钾血症。

Along the same lines, drugs that reduce the effect of aldosterone can also cause hyperkalemia, and these are drugs like renin inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, selective aldosterone blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics.

同理，可以降低醛固酮效能的药物也可以导致高钾血症，例如肾素抑制剂、ACE抑制剂、血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂、选择性醛固酮受体阻滞剂以及保钾利尿剂等。

Now, acute kidney injury can cause a low glomerular filtration rate, which is the volume of blood filtered through the kidney over a period of time, and this can lead to oliguria and hyperkalemia.

严重的肾损伤可以降低肾小球滤率，即单位间内肾脏滤的血液量，这可以导致少尿和高钾血症。

In chronic kidney disease, just like with urea, less potassium is excreted and more builds up in the blood, and it leads to hyperkalemia, which is worrisome because it can cause cardiac arrhythmias.

在慢性肾病中，和尿素一样，钾排泄减少，更多的钾在血液中堆积，造成高钾血症，该情况十堪忧，因为高钾血症可能导致心律不齐。

Once in the bloodstream, the venom attacks the body's cells, wearing down the protective membrane and causing them to become porous enough to cause the leakage of potassium, causing hyperkalemia or elevated potassium levels in the blood.

一旦进入血液， 毒液就会攻击身体的细胞，磨损保护膜并使它们变得足够多孔， 导致钾泄漏， 导致高钾血症或血液中钾含量升高。