Meanwhile, champagne also has free glutamates and nucleotides, but not enough for the synergy.

同，香槟也有游离的谷苷，但不足以产生协同增效作用。

The distinctive taste comes from the amino acid glutamate.

这种独特的味道来自基谷。

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is glutamate.

脑部主要的兴奋性神经递质为谷。

Excitatory neurons use glutamate, well inhibitory neurons use GABA.

兴奋性神经元使用谷，抑制性神经元使用伽玛基丁。

This actually intensifies that umami sensation by up to 15 times compared with glutamate alone.

与单独使用谷相比，可以将这种鲜味增强 15 倍。

Each glutamate receptor is made up of a handful of proteins.

每个谷受体都由少量蛋白质组成。

To this end, they poured a soup of " caged" glutamate over the neuron under examination.

为此，他们在想要测试的神经元上倾倒“被装起来”的谷。

When new information enters your brain, neurons start firing using existing stores of another neurotransmitter called glutamate.

当新的信息进入你的大脑，神经元就开始利用另一种神经递质——谷酯进行激活。

They found that mature pyramidal-neuron protrusions generated electrical activity when exposed to glutamate, as expected.

他们发现，正如预期的那样，成熟的锥体神经元暴露在谷，其突起会产生电活动。

Combined with the lack of glutamate, you begin to think very little but with great clarity.

加之缺少谷，你思考变少，但思绪更清晰。

First, they had to deliver a controlled flow of glutamate to the particular synapse they wanted to test.

首先，他们必须向想要测试的特定突触输送一定量的谷。

Turns out it suppresses glutamate transmission and enhances GABA transmission, so you get less excitation and more inhibition.

结果证明它可以抑制谷的传递并增强伽玛基丁的传递，因此兴奋波减少，抑制作用增强。

To do that, they needed to test how the filopodia responded to glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter.

要做到这一点，他们需要测试树突丝对谷的反应，谷也就是大脑主要的兴奋性神经递质。

Excess calcium has been implicated in helping along the toxicity that results from too much glutamate signaling.

过量的钙会加速谷信号过多导致的毒性。

From 1908 until 1956, glutamate was produced commercially in Japan by a very slow and expensive means of extraction.

1908年至1956年，日本开始对味精进行商业开发，以一种缓慢又昂贵的提取方式获得味精。

Meanwhile, the brain adapts to chronic alcohol consumption by reducing GABA, dopamine, and endorphin transmission, and enhancing glutamate activity.

同，大脑为了适应长期的酒精摄入，会降低基丁、多巴胺及内啡肽的传递水平，同提升谷的活动。

Alcohol turns up the brain's primary brake, the neurotransmitter GABA, and turns down its primary gas, the neurotransmitter glutamate.

酒精会给大脑踩刹车，即提升基丁水平，使大脑更镇静；同给大脑松油门，即降低谷水平，减弱兴奋度。

And because glutamate sites become less effective, information flow becomes slow, and only the largest signals can make it through.

由于谷有效性减小，信息流动变缓，因此只有最强的信号可以通过。

Lots of glutamates show up naturally in things we eat.

我们吃的东西自然含有大量谷。

Excitatory neurons use glutamate, well inhibitory neurons use GABA. The yin and yang if you will.

兴奋性神经元使用谷，抑制性神经元使用 GABA。阴阳如果你愿意的话。