For initial stages, when the cancer has invaded just the mucosa and submucosa, options include esophagectomy, endoscopic tumor resection, or mucosal ablation - which is when the cancerous mucosa is removed by radiofrequency.
期肿瘤只入侵黏膜和黏膜下层,治疗选择包括食管切除术、内镜下肿瘤切除术或黏膜融术,即用射频融被肿瘤侵袭的黏膜。