To review the research progress of etiopathology on pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) complicated with bidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis( BSCA).
Conclusion:The early operation should be administered when the burst fracture complicated with incomplete neurotmesis happens in the segment of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Although PM has solved the problem of carbide segregation and crassitude fundamentally, it has complicated technics and extortionate cost, so restricts its application.
Long-standing oesophagitis may be complicated by the formation of scar tissue that contracts and results in a narrowing (stricture) in the affected part of the oesophagus.
(4) The palaeotectonic movements resulted in the complicate stages of fractures, the relations between fractures were cutting, confinement, tacnode and so on, and formed 2 types 6 groups fractures.