It was found in 1995 that choline deficiency results in fatty liver and that choline supplementation reverses it.

研究者在1995年发现，缺乏胆会导致脂肪肝，但也可以通过补充胆逆转。

Unfortunately the consequence of leaving choline out of IV nutrition was that the subjects often developed fatty liver.

不幸是，如果静脉注射液中缺乏胆，病人往往会长出脂肪肝。

And in the meantime, lecithin is a useful plant-based source of choline which can be bought as a supplement.

同时，卵磷脂是一种有用植物性胆，可以作为补充剂购买。

Another brain-healthy nutrient found most abundantly in animal foods is choline, found in liver, egg yolks, beef, and oily fish.

另一种在动物性食物中含量对大脑有益营养物质是胆，胆存在于肝脏、蛋黄、牛肉和油性鱼类中。

The amount of choline in the diet influences how much acetylcholine is available in the brain and central nervous system.

饮食中胆含量会影响大脑和中枢神经系统中乙酰胆含量。

The good news is that another compound called betaine might be able to do some of the work of choline.

好消息是，另一种叫做甜菜化合物可能能起到胆部分作用。

Your body uses choline to produce a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which plays key roles in learning, memory, attention, motivation, and healthy sleep.

你身体使用胆产生一种叫做乙酰胆神经递质，它在学习、记忆、注意力、动力和健康睡眠中起着关键作用。

So the other thing about TMAO to know is that certain types of gut bacteria metabolize choline and carnitine into TMAO whereas others don't.

另外需要了解是，某些肠道菌群可将胆和左旋肉代谢成氧化三甲胺，另一些肠道菌群则不能。

Under normal conditions, cholinergic neurons in the brain, synthesize acetylcholine from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and choline, in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme choline acetyltransferase (CAT).

正常情况下，大脑中胆能神经元从乙酰辅酶A（乙酰辅酶A）和胆，由胆酶催化反应乙酰转移酶（CAT）。

In that paper he showed that choline, a molecule found in eggs and meat, is digested by some gut bacteria to produce trimethylamine, which is then processed in the liver to create trimethylamine N-oxide, or TMAO—a substance that encourages atherosclerosis.

在那篇文章中，他说胆（一种存在于蛋和肉类中分子）被某些肠道细菌消化生成三甲胺，然后三甲胺在肝脏中转化为氧化三甲胺（TMAO），这是一种有助于引发动脉粥样硬化物质。