In general, the disease mechanism is a two fold process; decreased RBC lifespan and decreased RBC production.

一般来说，该病的发病机制是一个双重的过程；红胞寿命缩短，以及红胞生成量减少。

Rishi Jaluria is a researcher with the Canadian company RBC.

Rishi Jaluria是加拿大公司RBC的研究员。

Now, we get the iron required for RBC production from our diet.

我们是从饮食中获得红胞生成所需的铁。

The blood cells are mainly red blood cells also called RBCs or erythrocytes.

血胞主要是红胞，也叫 RBCs 或红血球。

The peripheral blood smear shows microcytic, or small, and hypochromic, or pale, RBCs.

外周血涂片可胞低色素性（而苍白的）红胞。

Oil may be fungible but oil infrastructure is not, notes Michael Tran of RBC Capital Markets.

加拿大皇家银行资本市场的迈克尔·特兰指出，油也许是可替代的，但油基础设施却不可或缺。

RBC also said the capability of physically disconnecting the Russian part of the internet was tested.

媒体RBC还表示，他们测试了从物理上罗斯部分互联网的能力。

Microsoft stands to benefit from GPT-4's adoption, said Rishi Jaluria, an analyst at RBC Capital Markets.

RBC Capital Markets 的分析师 Rishi Jaluria 表示，微软将从 GPT-4 的应用中受益。

Decreased RBC production is a bit more complex and involves several mechanisms.

相比之下，红胞生成量减少有点复杂，涉及若干机制。

With moderate alpha thalassemia, there may be golf-ball like RBCs, due to precipitated HbH molecules.

中度α地中海贫血患者，由于HbH分子沉积，可高尔夫球样红胞。

Shortened RBC lifespan is a result of direct cellular destruction via toxins from cancer cells, viruses, or bacterial infections.

其中，红胞寿命缩短是由来自癌胞、病毒或菌感染的毒素直接破坏胞的结果。

There are also target cells, which are small RBCs that look like bullseyes due to scrunching up of the excess cell membrane.

也可靶形红胞（由于多余的胞膜皱缩而看起来像靶心的红胞）。

Treatment involves correcting the underlying condition, or, in severe cases, RBC transfusions or erythropoietin injections.

治疗方法包括治疗原发疾病，或在严重的情况下，采用红胞输注或红胞生成素注射。

This buildup occurs because these RBCs are unable to incorporate iron into hemoglobin, which is necessary for RBCs to transport oxygen.

这是因为红胞无法将铁结合到血红蛋白中，而铁元素对于红胞运送氧气有重要意义。

Initially, the anemia is normocytic, which means that RBCs have a normal size, but eventually it can become microcytic, meaning RBCs get smaller.

起初，贫血患者体内的红胞大正常，但久而久之，红胞会变。

First, they damage the RBC membrane, resulting in intramedullary hemolysis, or RBC breakdown in the bone marrow; or extravascular hemolysis, when RBCs are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen.

首先，它们会破坏红胞膜，导致髓内溶血（骨髓中红胞分解）或血管外溶血（红胞被脾脏的巨噬胞破坏）。

The most important one, and the one that most researchers agree upon, involves dysregulation of iron homeostasis and the signals that control RBC production.

最重要的，也是大多数研究人员认同的一点是与铁稳态失调、以及控制红胞生成的信号相关。

But PNC has demonstrated a knack for turning round ailing ventures, notably the American arm of RBC, a Canadian bank, which it snapped up in 2012.

但PNC已经展示了其扭转风险的能力，尤其是在2012年收购的加拿大皇家银行(RBC)的美国分部。

" How high can oil prices go? Pick a number, this is a market in disarray, " noted Mike Tran, an oil expert at RBC Capital Markets.

加拿大皇家银行资本市场的油专家迈克·特兰指出：“油价能涨到多高？选一个数字吧，这是一个混乱的市场。”

And a consequence of hypoxia is that it signals the bone marrow, as well as extramedullary tissues like the liver and spleen, to increase production of RBCs.

缺氧会刺激骨髓和髓外组织（如肝、脾）造血。